After a bit of Googling, the "preferred" font appears to be the old Windows system font from Windows 95, 98 and ME, I think it's simply called "MS Sans Serif."
The font with this same name has been changed significantly in Windows 10, which may be why it displays differently when allowed more DPI. It's a mystery as to why the older version of the font is still used at lower DPI settings, but... that's Windows for you, I guess.
However, there are versions of the older font which exist as clones, notably
this one (W95FA) and
this one (LeviWindows).