If anyone else has this issue, please if possible let me know:
1) Does the level get marked as completed / records updated? (These two should always go hand-in-hand, rather than ever having one without the other.)
2) Does a replay get auto-saved?
3) Do talismans unlock if applicable? (You may rely on whether or not the "You unlocked a talisman" text appeared.)
4) Do you have a username entered (other than "Anonymous") in NeoLemmix's settings?
5) Did you manually save a replay at any point while playing the level where this happened? (Only counts if it was before you got to the postview screen.)
For 1 - 3, do NOT assume that just because one of them doesn't happen, the rest won't either. Please specifically check - this will help narrow down exactly which check is failing.