I am indeed running the latest version of DOSBox. While playing the music sounds pretty normal on my speakers, I only start to really notice the loud parts when I use headphones. You can listen to the track I uploaded to see if it sounds the same as on your machine.
Well ok I just had a listen, and it certainly does sound different.
But, is this recorded directly through the sound card's output line, or is it recorded off the speakers via a microphone?̆ Does your speaker reproduce bass well?̆ Rather than just volume, it sounds to me that the DOSBox's percussion sound is has a stronger bass component compared with your recording's.̆ Couple with the fact that you said it sounds different between speakers and headphones, and it's possible that maybe it's just that your speakers reproduce bass less well (or that your headphones is boosting bass).
There's no question though that your rip and covox's rip sound more similar than DOSBox's emulation, so it could also really be an inaccuracy in DOSBox's emulation.̆ As for the minor differences between your rip and covox's, they might be accounted for by differences in speakers, microphones, and the compression settings used to compress the sounds into OGGs.