EDIT - Never mind. On closer inspection, the game crashes every time I start a new game or complete a level. :p
Also, every level is now titled "Unknown String". No idea what the problem is
Hmm, this is new. If I understand correctly, these problems are specifically after applying the patch, and not something that is already happening before you applied the patch, correct? Perhaps there's something about your particular version that isn't working well with the patch. Unfortunately I forgot to warn you to make a backup of the EXE first, though I think you can probably find an original copy on the CD. I may need you to PM me that original unpatched EXE and try to see if I can identify what's different.
(No promises though--for starters, I don't know if I still have working CDs of the game anymore, so I may already be limited in what I can test out myself.)
You can also try the patch but with Window's compatibility settings turned off. However, I don't expect that to do any better since the "3D accelerator" error thing was not one of the things the patch try to fix, so turning off compatibility settings most likely will make it come back again even with the patch.
Out of curiosity (you can PM me if you don't want to answer publicly), is your copy of the game from an actual game CD, or is it from, um, elsewhere?